OXYGEN OZONE THERAPY
Great Auto-Emotion Infusion
FIELD
Oxygen Ozone Therapy in Biological Cancer Therapy
Ozone therapy is a proven component of biological cancer therapy. It exploits the particular sensitivity of tumor cells to oxygen deprivation and oxidative stress. Through the targeted application of medical ozone, impaired cellular metabolism can be positively influenced, tissue oxygen supply improved, and the immune system activated, in a gentle, tolerable, and effective manner.
What is medical ozone?
Ozone (O₃) is an energy-rich form of oxygen, composed of three oxygen atoms. In nature, it protects us from harmful UV radiation present in the ozone layer. Ozone has been used in medicine for decades due to its properties:
- Germicidal effect
- Properties that promote circulation
- Immunomodulatory effects
Medical ozone is rigorously controlled and applied in precise dosages, scientifically proven and safe to use.
How does ozone work for cancer patients?
Tumor cells often exhibit impaired cellular respiration and live in a state of oxygen deprivation. This is where ozone therapy comes in:
- Increased oxygen saturation in tissues
- Inhibition of tumor metabolism, particularly in therapy-resistant cells
- Targeted effect on rapidly growing ozone-sensitive tumor cells
Activates the immune system – with a gentle pulse effect
Low-dose ozone acts as a natural stimulant for the immune system. It activates certain immune cells, which release cytokines (chemical messengers), thus triggering defense processes throughout the body.
Ozone therapy offers valuable support, especially to cancer patients with weakened immune systems, without additional stress.
Fields of application and objectives of ozone therapy in oncology
Ozone therapy is used in conjunction with oncology therapy, particularly in the following cases:
- Tumors resistant to therapy
- Poor oxygen supply to tissues
- Reduced microcirculation
- Weak immune system
Objective: Maintain and improve the quality of life
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GAE (Major Auto-Hemoinfusion) or GAEI (Major Auto-Hemoinfusion) is a type of ozone therapy that involves taking a quantity of blood from the patient, enriching this blood with a mixture of oxygen and ozone and then reinfusing it into the patient's body.
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Oxygen Ozone Therapy for Breast Cancer:
an integrative review of the literature
Yanchu Li 1, ✉ , Rong Pu 2
- About the author
- Copyright and License Information
PMCID: PMC10807353 PMID:
Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women. Despite significant advances in conventional treatment, additional, safer complementary therapeutic options are needed. Recently, ozone therapy has been considered an adjunctive medical treatment capable of inhibiting tumor cell survival and reducing chemotherapy resistance. However, only a few studies have been conducted on its use in breast cancer, and the optimal dosage and timing of administration are unknown. Currently, preclinical studies suggest that ozone, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, is an effective method for inhibiting the growth of breast cancer cells. However, rather than studying the effects of ozone as an anticancer therapy, current clinical trials have generally evaluated its efficacy as an adjunctive therapy in reducing chemotherapy-induced side effects, increasing oxygen tension, normalizing blood flow, more rapidly restoring blood lymphocytes, and reducing symptoms of fatigue. This article summarizes and discusses the use of ozone as an adjunctive medical treatment for breast cancer and its role in integrative therapy. Despite significant advances in conventional treatment, additional, safer complementary therapeutic options are needed. Recently, ozone therapy has been considered a type of adjunctive medical treatment capable of inhibiting tumor cell survival and reducing chemotherapy resistance. However, only a few studies have been conducted on its use in breast cancer, and the optimal dosage and timing of administration are unknown. Currently, preclinical studies suggest that ozone, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, is an effective method for inhibiting the growth of breast cancer cells. However, rather than studying the effects of ozone as an anticancer therapy, current clinical trials have generally evaluated its efficacy as an adjunctive therapy in reducing chemotherapy-induced side effects, increasing oxygen tension, normalizing blood flow, more rapidly restoring blood lymphocytes, and reducing symptoms of fatigue. This article summarizes and discusses the use of ozone as an adjunctive medical treatment for breast cancer and its role in integrative therapy.
Introduction
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. Despite significant advances in conventional treatment options, safer and more effective alternative therapies are needed, especially for patients with advanced disease.
Ozone (O3), one of the most harmful pollutants when inhaled, can be used as an immune bioregulator in adjunctive medical treatment via parenteral, topical, or injection routes, thanks to its hormetic action. 1, 2 Its mechanisms of action in medicine have been studied over the past 20 years. Ozone has been proposed for the treatment of various pathologies. 3 In the medical field, ozone therapy, used for almost 60 years, 4 works by exerting controlled levels of oxidative stress produced by ozone reactions that promote the upregulation of the antioxidant system and strengthen the immune system. 5 - 7 It consists of the administration of ozone, an allotrope of oxygen, to the body. Ozone can increase the oxygen concentration in tissues and induce antimicrobial effects capable of causing chromosomal breakage in human cell cultures. 8 In 1974, Wolff 9 first used ozone therapy as ozonated autohemotransfusion (O 3 -AHT). Ozone therapy has subsequently been used as an adjunctive medical treatment for various medical conditions, including cancer. 10 - 13
Based on the literature, ozone therapy has emerged as a potential adjunctive treatment for several types of cancer due to its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and oxidative stress-inducing properties. 14, 15 In this review, we summarize and discuss ozone therapy as an adjunctive medical treatment for breast cancer and its use in integrative therapy, including its mechanism of action, preclinical and clinical evidence, safety, and challenges related to its use.
Literature Search Methods
We conducted a literature search to find articles in which ozone was used to directly kill breast cancer cells in vivo, in vitro, or in human patients. We conducted a systematic review by searching the PubMed database and Google Scholar, including different types of articles (controlled preclinical studies, uncontrolled preclinical studies, and case series). 15 English was the search criterion, and no other restrictions were applied to publication year, study type, or sample size. All relevant studies focusing on basic research on ozone for the treatment of breast cancer were included. The search was conducted using a combined filter and the following Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms: ["Ozone/Breast Cancer" (MeSH) OR "Ozone/Breast Cancer" (MeSH) OR "Ozone/Breast Cancer" (MeSH)]. The PubMed search identified 41 references. After critically reading the title and abstract, preclinical and clinical studies that did not directly address the treatment of breast cancer with ozone were excluded. After critically reading the title and abstract, 14 articles met the scope of the review.
Mechanism of ozone therapy
Ozone is a potent oxidant that induces oxidative stress in cells and tissues. Although controlled oxidative stress may play a role in angiogenesis, excessive and uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to cellular damage and contribute to the development of oxidative stress-related diseases. 16, 17 ROS act as regulators of important signaling pathways. Ozone dosage is important to determine the effects of ROS. At low levels, ROS act as "redox messengers" in intracellular signaling and regulation and can be recruited to act as "Trojan horses" to kill tumor cells. Previous studies suggest that mild excess ROS can induce oxidative modification of cellular macromolecules, inhibit protein function, and promote cell death, 17, 18 but that at moderate levels, ROS can promote tumor progression. At high levels, ROS increase the activity of oncogenes and stimulate growth factor-dependent pathways and oxidative enzymes, inducing genetic instability. 17, 19, 20 Specifically, small increases in ROS preferentially activate the PI3K/Akt pathway, while further increases trigger MAPK-dependent apoptosis. 21, 22 Cellular responses to ROS are also associated with their location: mitochondrial ROS can promote cell death; however, conversely, ROS generated by NOX are associated with the promotion of cell proliferation and migration. 17
Ozone-dependent ROS-mediated fatty acid oxidation is involved in the formation of lipid ozonation products, and these processes are associated with the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE and AMPK/FOXO/mTOR/Sir1 pathways and the Nrf2/NF-κB crosstalk. 23 Furthermore, ROS damage lipids, proteins, and DNA. Therefore, a growing number of therapeutic strategies are being developed to increase ROS levels and overwhelm cellular redox adaptation by inducing oxidative stress. These include the use of platinum-based drugs, bortezomib and procarbazine, for the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma, breast cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 17, 24, 25 Ozone is primarily a strong oxidant; however, when used as a drug, it is essential to carefully monitor the dose and exposure time to avoid harmful effects on healthy tissues and organs. 26, 27
Increasing attention is also being paid to the immunomodulatory properties of ozone therapy. By interacting with the immune system, ozone therapy exerts a series of effects, including activation of immune responses, regulation of cytokine production, and modulation of inflammatory processes. 3, 28 The effects of ozone on macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells, and dendritic cells can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer immunotherapy. 1 In clinical use, ozone therapy not only increases leukocyte activity and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in patients with selective immunoglobulin A deficiency, 29 but ozone has also been shown to increase the production of both IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in a human monocyte cell line model (THP-1 cells). 1, 30, 31 Due to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, ozone affects the tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a fundamental role in cancer initiation, progression, and response to therapy. Ozone acts on the TME by influencing immune cells, cytokine production, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Therefore, understanding the immunomodulatory effects of ozone therapy could facilitate its integration into disease management, either as a stand-alone therapy or as an adjuvant to existing therapies.
Furthermore, ozone modulates pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, influences endothelial cells, remodels the extracellular matrix, and regulates angiogenesis by modulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 32-34 which offers potential therapeutic benefits in wound healing, ischemic conditions, and tissue regeneration. Therefore, careful evaluation of ozone dose and treatment duration is necessary to prevent potential complications associated with altered vascular permeability.